So this will be the way that this is going to work. PyxlWuff. Now you can see that it says here, a left click Actions takes one positional argument, but two were given. So this means that we need to change the amount of cells left in the text that we have located in the left frame. There is absolutely no reason to use Python 2 for new code in 2021. So besides seeing random IDs, then we can see real friendly names for each of our objects. And then we need to decide what we're going to display here. But it could have been great if we could have some indicators about each of our cells in here. For example, there was a great reason that I use the 100 ad value in the top frames height, because one of the ad times for is similar to 20. Then I'm going to work on this side note pad that I have here. Okay, so in that stage, let's try to understand what will be the most efficient way to store continuously the cells that are left in the game. And we are going to say here button is equal to a button like that. And we can go ahead and just configure the text of our cell to display the amount of minds surrounded that so so that's going to be something like the following is going to be by accessing to the sell button object and configuring the text. So we could dedicate the left area of our window into being the sidebar to display the score, for example, something like that. So I'm going to go here and make this a little bit bigger. Minesweeper And I said that I will be converting this into a read only attribute. And I think that's pretty much it about this series. Your submission will fail if any of these are not handled properly, if you import modules other than those explicitly allowed, if you hardcode the solution, or if you modify functions other than as permitted. And let's also give these attributes like BG, meaning the background color is equal to blue black. So dog class should inherit from a class that is an animal class. So if we click on a cell, then we can allow us to print so of that surrounded sales minds length. And for example, let's assume that I'm going to click on 0.0. But we can also check if the display number is zero or not. And we can override some magic method that will be responsible to change the way that the object is being represented. So I execute the game here, you can see that again, we have the x's, x and y values. For example, let me show you how we can do a for loop in one line. Now, if a cell has been opened, we want to cancel those events. So perfect, right? Minesweeper And then we will also see how the button class is going to be involved within that cell class we will start developing but let's actually go ahead and start working on this right. PyxlWuff. In this article, we will be going through the steps of creating our own terminal-based Minesweeper using Python Language. And I'm going to say here something like the following. Now we know that we already have an attribute that is called ease mind. Add files via upload. Now, if you remember, we used an instance method that goes ahead and creates a button. Okay, so let's show an example of what we want to do in that episode. So that is the reason I can allow myself to call this function, I mean the method the way it is. Now, as usual, if you enjoyed this entire course, please be sure to hit the like button. So it's going to be for cell in self dot surrounded cells. It would definitely raise out your eyebrows. Minesweeper So if you want to take further actions with this message box, be sure to check the link in the description. But there are 10s of other options that you can go ahead with it. The game is fully implemented using Object Oriented Programming. Does anyone remember playing one default games that were shipped in the early Windows OS days? And that is achievable by going ahead to the instantiation of our button class inside this Create button object, and passing in some additional arguments that will be responsible to really increase the size of our buttons. You may not have your code in your ai50/projects/2020/x/minesweeper branch nested within any further subdirectories (such as a subdirectory called minesweeper or project1b). So that's why it has been colored to red. self.moves_made contains a set of all cells already clicked on, so the AI knows not to pick those again. Improve your Python programming skills by coding everyone's favorite Windows 3.1 game: Minesweeper. Getting Started Installation python -m pip install pygame-minesweeper # or pip install pygame-minesweeper Start a game Minesweeper Demo Designing Minesweeper Using Python Before creating the game logic, we need to design the basic layout of the game. The Sentence class will be used to represent logical sentences of the form described in the Background. So I'm going to just say, here's something like the following self dot cell, underscore bottom object, and then I'm going to configure the background color of it. So we can see that here, we assign events for left click, and for right click. In that is pretty much what we want to do. So this means that maybe we need to increase the font, environmental here, so we can go ahead and use font is equals to something like the following. So if you remember, when we use TK inter objects, we can use this configure method which will be responsible to configure our elements. So I can go ahead and say, if not self.is, mine candidate. So that's how the place method works, we need to specify the pixel value four axis x and axis y. So what that means it means that this cannot be an instance method. Alright, so now that we totally understood this, then we probably want to also understand how we can assign events to our buttons. Now we want to use those frames, because obviously we want to divide our window into some sections. The move returned must be known to be safe, and not a move already made. Minesweeper Python coding challenge Now in order to do this, I'm going to assume that you are working on a Windows machine. And I'm going to take off this text from here, just delete that. The function 'show_mines()' is responsible for it. So now let's go ahead and test if that is going to work for us. So we need to eliminate those nuns when we write the surrounded sales list. So those are going to be those three, right. So you can see that now looking at this one, you can see that there is a mind here, so I'm also allowed to click there. But still, we want to obviously have a nice visualized window in here. So I'm going to again, execute our main.py. So what I'm going to do now is writing here a comment that will say override the settings of the window. So now that we have created the button object, then I can access it with the property that we have created previously, which was cell btn object and I can use the grid option. PyQt5 PySide2 python from PyQt5.QtGui import * from PyQt5.QtWidgets import * from PyQt5.QtCore import * Playing Field minesweeper-python Before creating the game logic, we need to design the basic layout of the game. So it's basically going to be something that will responsible to color the cell with the given color. Python I am relatively new to programming, and I wish to use this simple minesweeper game in a portfolio. Add files via upload. So I'm going to go ahead and right after I instantiate those, I'm going to call this randomize minds static method. And I can say, settings dot height, divided by 100. And I'm going to call this method like that, besides, I'm just going to give it the reference, like the following. minesweeper And then I can just go ahead and inside that, I can return the value relying on the received argument in here. And we want to give the background color of blue. code And now I'm going to jump on to the next one, it's going to be get sold by exes self dot x plus one because the next one is 2.0. So I'm just going to add here one more first slash. MineSweeper And if I was to click on something, then you can see that I received some info about what was the event that is all killed. So as an example, I can go ahead and say here, Bg equals to red. But yet, let me tell you that if we click with our left, click on Sunsail, then this still is going to call the left click Actions metal, which that might be something that we want to avoid, because there is no reason to call any method, if we already open a cell. And then I can just run our program again, and you can see how it looks like. And here, obviously, you can put any numbers you would like to now pay attention what will happen if I was to replace those with actual numbers like the following, then you will see the difference immediately. Now pay attention that we already covered 100 ad pixels for the top frame. Congratulations, you won the game, something like that. So we already have two minds here and we shouldn't be having one more inside the surrounding cells. Now that might be a familiar arrow that you may be so in my op series, but basically, this means that this self click Actions tries to pass in two arguments, when it tries to call the left click Actions method. So it's going to be extremely challenging and also fun doing that. So I'm going to go ahead and say def, create cell count, labeled. And now that I have this, then I can actually go ahead and go to my main.py file and pass in those numbers, because I iterate over those numbers when I create those cells. Going to close that add the comma market as a checked. So if we were to run the game, there, you can see that this is not quite changing. This is done by: The function check_over(), is responsible for checking the completion of the game. Write and run code in 50+ languages online with Replit, a powerful IDE, compiler, & interpreter. And that should be responsible to cancel all the events. Note that any time that you make any change to your AIs knowledge, it may be possible to draw new inferences that werent possible before. And this is 34 to 3233, excuse me, and you can see that here we have a mismatch. Okay, so we can see that we receive a general message box. Now just a quick sidenote, the reason that I used the root variable is just a convention in TK inter project. minesweeper.py contains all of the logic the game itself and for the AI to play the game. So let me show you in a separated window, why that's going to be helpful having such a method. And let me clean everything that I draw here and go back to Python and give here the values of x equals to zero and y equals to zero. One way we could represent an AIs knowledge about a Minesweeper game is by making each cell a propositional variable that is true if the cell contains a mine, and false otherwise. So on the left side, we have the cell file and on the left side, I'm going to work on my main.py file. Now, you can see here that the right button looks like it is before the left button, because we can almost not see the text on the left button here. It also contains functions mark_mine and mark_safe to update a sentence in response to new information about a cell. Python Once youve completed all the required functions in minesweeper.py, you should be able to run python runner.py to play Minesweeper (or let your AI play for you)! So we are going to unbind the events for button dash one. So it doesn't matter how many times we are going to click right click, it's good that the sales left value is not decreasing here. WebGo to file. MineSweeper.ipynb. So first things first, we'd like to give a different background. So this will be logic to interrupt the game. #-----# minesweeper.py #-----import stdio import stdarray import sys import random # Accept integers m and n, and float p as command-line arguments. Therefore, Minesweeper has a provision of using flag to mark the cells, which we know contains a mine. I'm also going to click here, you can see that we have a perfect method that returns the object based on the given x and y values. Alright, so now that we have done this, then let's go ahead and design some final things that we want in order to have the complete game. And you can see that the class the instantiation is probably a good because we don't receive any arrows. Just to really understand that again, if we were to take that Y axis and jump that by 20, then you can see that it starts right from here, because it jumped 20 pixels in the y axis. This objective is achieved using Recursion. And we could decide that we'd like to have a left sidebar. Minesweeper Replit So this means that our code is going to be here. So we can really differentiate between the frame and the window because it is going to be hard to understand where the frame is located, if we keep the same color, so just for debugging reasons, I'm keeping this red change later to black. So the way that this is achievable, is by calling the resizeable method like that, and basically specify that we are not allowed to resize the width and the height of this window. So in the top frame, we use the entire window. Minesweeper is a puzzle game that consists of a grid of cells, where some of the cells contain hidden mines. Clicking on a cell that contains a mine detonates the mine, and causes the user to lose the game. Now, if you remember, I said in the tutorial that I used intentionally those numbers, so we could have an accurate percentage of the weight size. If we click here, okay, perfect result because you can see that we have now now nine cells opened and this is decreased by nine. And we handled a lot of things that could lead to trouble in the future. And of course, since I'm using a Windows machine, then this example might be more fit for Windows environments. So we can start thinking about some good candidates for variables that we'd like to store here. And I'm going to go back to our actual code. So this will be in the first pixel of the cell of the left frame, excuse me. Jim has created many popular courses on our channel, and is an excellent teacher. Alright, so now that we understood this, then I'm going to move all those lines of code into a separated method so that we could have a property that is going to represent the surrounded sales object. All right, so first things first, in order to randomize the things, in order to pick some random things from a collection, we need to work with the library that is called random. So the reason that I can do that is because I know that in the beginning of the game, I already call this method that is called randomize mines, which takes a couple of soul objects, and then it sets is mine equals to true, so I can totally do that. Get smarter at building your thing. So now we are doing something if the cell is already a mind candidate. And that is the fact that this label is not something that needs to be belongs to each of our cells, because that is a general information about the game. And I'm going to go here and say from T A inter import. Now we can pay attention that both x and y values are increased by one. Dig at a location with neighboring bombs, uncover those spots or recursively dig for those with no neighboring bombs. And if it is, then we'll launch that method, which will be responsible to configure the background color of that to red. And if we lose the game, then the game just exits. So I'm going to go inside here and then I I'm going to say for y in range of five. Now, if I was to run our main file, then you can see that nothing is really changed. For any queries, feel free to comment below. So, your class declaration should just be class MineBoard: Unused variables In one of your list comprehensions, you have unused variables: self.board = [ [0 for i in range (w)] for j in range (h)] Neither i nor j are used. So I'm going to execute game Stop and rerun. For example, if you follow those conventions or So let's go ahead and see some of the attributes that we can change here to make our window nicer. So it should be in the very top left position have that center frame, right. Minesweeper And the main goal is really to get all the locations that are not having a mind and then you will win the game. So I'm going to take that line off because this used to be the text of the cell. So in the description, there is a link with a large list of colors that are available, I'm just going to use black for this window. Okay, so you can see that around this one around this one here we have one mind. And now the formula is going to be decreasing the x by one. Alright, so looking at this one, we can click here, because that's a mind for sure. Now, the ease mine is coming from here, because we already know that we have such an attribute. And it might seem like it doesn't do anything to because the sales left amount is not decreasing. But how we are going to tell it to start it from here. And we were able to actually assign some events to all of our buttons dynamically. Our AI would construct the sentence {E, F, H} = 3. So now temporarily, I don't want to inherit from the button class right because it is not quite correct to say that a cell is a kind of button we know that we use inheritance to describe kinds of things like dog is a kind of animal. So we said that we'd like to have a frame that is located on the top. For this particular concept of the game, a new data structure is used, namely, vis. Due to interaction with several of the courses projects, and given that this course material was originally from 2020, the latest version of Python you should use in this course is Python 3.10. So when we use the placement, then it needs to receive the pixels value. After all, if two of A, B, C, D, and E are mines, and only one of A, B, and C are mines, then it stands to reason that exactly one of D and E must be the other mine. But this time, the y value is going to be increased by one because that is true here. Minesweeper game using Tkinter GUI with additional features like authorization, save & continue the game, and game results history. So we can allow ourselves to check the first cell that we should be pulling, right. PyQt5 PySide2 python from PyQt5.QtGui import * from PyQt5.QtWidgets import * from PyQt5.QtCore import * Playing Field And then this will return us back in object of the cell. So if we run our game, and we start to play a bit, and for example, we click here, we know that we have three minds around there. freeCodeCamp's open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. Finally, the MinesweeperAI class will implement an AI that can play Minesweeper. So we can see that looking at these three, these in that our minds. So I will say that the weight should be equal to the exact same width size we gave to the window because we'd like to cover the entire window. Nice code, you could make it more detailed for it to be easier for the user to play, this can be done with something called pygame check it out (pygame.org), download a couple of projects off there and look at its code. And we'll scroll just above this comment here, run the window. And let's say that we have a mind here, right? Contents Introduction Graphical User Interface of the game. Alright, so right after we have this message box, and right after we clicked OK, then we should just terminate the game, we should exit it. So it's going to be self dot cell btw and object dot configure So that's going to be BG equals to system, button face, like that. So if we are going to click right click on a cell, then it is going to color it with a color like orange, maybe some color that will be a good color to differentiate between a mind candidate to an actual mind that basically leads us to lose the game. So for example, I could temporarily only execute the utils.py file and just test my function, I could go ahead and try to call it and passing il 25. and validate that I will really receive 100 ad back. If on show sale, we have the expected match, right, where sales count is equal to the minds count. Alright, so that's going to be the game that we will be developing throughout the series. minesweeper And self.knowledge contains a list of all of the Sentences that the AI knows to be true. So that's exactly what we should do now, in order to not face with a situation like the following where we have an open cell, but we also have the cell as being shown like mine candidate, which is pretty funny and we need to handle that. Okay, so you can see that I was quite right, it is abort, retry and ignore. And that might be something annoying when you create a lot of elements inside this window like buttons or frames. So I'm going to start my first for loop and I'm going to say for x in range of five for example. So it's going to be self dot y minus one like that. And we just need to play again until we win the Minesweeper game. The mark_mine function adds a cell to self.mines, so the AI knows that it is a mine. And if we want to test that this is going to work, I can again allow myself to execute this main.py file and confirm that. Reddit So it makes sense to try to open all the cells that are surrounded the click cell, and also calling the show sale method for them as well. So that's why it makes sense to mark it as a static method. So in this episode, we are going to design some functionalities that will be helpful to display more information about the game.
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