[158] Instead, Hoover strongly believed that local governments and private giving should address the needs of individuals. Your email address will not be published. Hoover Jr. died on July 9, 1969 at his home in Pasadena, California after suffering from a stroke. Not surprisingly, he and his family experienced Christmas . [63] Hoover later stated, "I did not realize it at the moment, but on August 3, 1914, my career was over forever. Hoover was extremely unpopular when he left office after the 1932 election, and his historical reputation would not begin to recover until the 1970s. [229] Hoover's attempts to vindicate his administration fell on deaf ears, as much of the public blamed his administration for the depression. [16] Minthorn ensured that Hoover received an education, but Hoover disliked the many chores assigned to him and often resented Minthorn. With the U.S. mobilizing for war, President Wilson appointed Hoover to head the U.S. Food Administration, which was charged with ensuring the nation's food needs during the war. [10] Hoover's mother died in 1884 of typhoid, leaving Hoover, his older brother, Theodore, and his younger sister, May, as orphans. [8] As a child, Hoover consistently attended schools, but he did little reading on his own aside from the Bible. On December 8, 1930, the three children and their nurse arrived by early morning train at Washingtons Union Station. in West Branch, Iowa, USA , United States, Died on October 20, 1964 His grand-daughter and four of his great-grandchildren attended the dedication ceremony. In response to continued attacks on his character and presidency, Hoover wrote more than two dozen books, including The Challenge to Liberty (1934), which harshly criticized Roosevelt's New Deal. Frequently Asked Questions - Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (U.S [77] He carefully selected men to assist in the agency leadershipAlonzo Taylor (technical abilities), Robert Taft (political associations), Gifford Pinchot (agricultural influence), and Julius Barnes (business acumen). After the Wickersham Report was published in 1931, Hoover rejected the advice of some of his closest allies and refused to endorse any revision of the Volstead Act or the Eighteenth Amendment, as he feared doing so would undermine his support among Prohibition advocates. For almost 6 months, the three children lived at the White House. Jesse and Hulda Hoover had three children. [189] In late 1931, Hoover proposed a tax plan to increase tax revenue by 30 percent, resulting in the passage of the Revenue Act of 1932. Hawley, Ellis. [157] He sought to avoid direct federal intervention, believing that the best way to bolster the economy was through the strengthening of businesses such as banks and railroads. She is the daughter of Jean Williams and Andrew Hoover. [278] Hoover was the last surviving member of the Harding and Coolidge Cabinets. The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum is located in West Branch, Iowa next to the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site. [123] Hoover established over one hundred tent cities and a fleet of more than six hundred vessels, and raised $17 million (equivalent to $265.19million in 2021). Margaret Claire Hoover (born December 11, 1977) is an American conservative political commentator, political strategist, media personality, author, and great-granddaughter of Herbert Hoover, the 31st U.S. [98] Despite his national renown, Hoover's service in the Wilson administration had alienated farmers and the conservative Old Guard of the GOP, and his presidential candidacy fizzled out after his defeat in the California primary by favorite son Hiram Johnson. Eustachie L'ESTENDARD , Raimon VII des BAUX, Ann Holyoke , Thomas Putnam, Isabeau de DAMPIERRE , John de FIENNES, Blanche De Brienne , Guillaume II De Fiennes. 5 children. [83], World War I came to an end in November 1918, but Europe continued to face a critical food situation; Hoover estimated that as many as 400 million people faced the possibility of starvation. [12] She worked on Bush's 2004 reelection campaign and was Deputy Finance Director for Rudy Giuliani's presidential bid in 200607. [76] Earning the appellation of "food czar", Hoover recruited a volunteer force of hundreds of thousands of women and deployed propaganda in movie theaters, schools, and churches. Conditions were harsh in the goldfields; Hoover described the Coolgardie and Murchison rangelands on the edge of the Great Victoria Desert as a land of "black flies, red dust and white heat". [3] Polls of historians and political scientists have generally ranked Hoover in the bottom third of presidents. In an early form of shuttle diplomacy, he crossed the North Sea forty times to meet with German authorities and persuade them to allow food shipments. [8] Along the way, Hoover studied Spanish-language literature and Mandarin Chinese. Joan Ledlie Hoover (born 1930). Herbert Hoover Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements One of the first pieces of furniture that was moved into the White House on Inauguration Day 1929 was a crib for Peter. [269] In 1944, he began working on Freedom Betrayed, which he often referred to as his "magnum opus". [100] While some of the most prominent members of the Harding administration, including Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and Secretary of Interior Albert B. [184] The RFC saved numerous businesses from failure, but it failed to stimulate commercial lending as much as Hoover had hoped, partly because it was run by conservative bankers unwilling to make riskier loans. [102], Hoover envisioned the Commerce Department as the hub of the nation's growth and stability. In large part due to his leadership during the flood crisis, by 1928, Hoover had begun to overshadow President Coolidge himself. [39], Hoover is married to fellow CNN contributor John Avlon, a former Rudy Giuliani speechwriter, senior columnist for Newsweek, and former Editor-in-Chief of The Daily Beast. He believed that African Americans and other races could improve themselves with education and individual initiative. [32] Partly due to Hoover's efforts, the company eventually controlled approximately 50 percent of gold production in Western Australia. He also feared that allowing individuals on the "dole" would permanently weaken the country. The United States Navy has long stood on traditions. When President and Mrs. Hoover purchased the cottage in 1935 . [211] Notwithstanding those actions, he wound down the Banana Wars, ending the occupation of Nicaragua and nearly bringing an end to the occupation of Haiti. [179] Hoover's opponents developed defamatory epithets to discredit him, such as "Hooverville" (the shanty towns and homeless encampments), "Hoover leather" (cardboard used to cover holes in the soles of shoes), and "Hoover blanket" (old newspaper used to cover oneself from the cold). [176] As the worldwide economy worsened, democratic governments fell; in Germany, Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler assumed power and dismantled the Weimar Republic. [180] While Hoover continued to resist direct federal relief efforts, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York launched the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration to provide aid to the unemployed. Their youngest son, Allan, had just graduated from Stanford University and was still single when his father became President, but, their older son, Herbert Jr., and his wife, Margaret Watson Hoover, already had two children and welcomed a third into the world during the Hoover Presidency. [286] Some historians trace the disaffection of the American Blacks with the Republican party to his time in office especially due to his attempt to remove Blacks from leadership in the Republican party in the South. At the 1936 Republican National Convention, Hoover's speech attacking the New Deal was well received, but the nomination went to Kansas Governor Alf Landon. [11] Hoover lived the next 18 months with his uncle Allen Hoover at a nearby farm. My warmest sympathy and best wishes for your recovery. ", Polsky, Andrew J., and Olesya Tkacheva. The building was constructed on a 60-acre tract owned by Fred Bunting. He rapidly became a wealthy mining engineer. 3 children Allan. [222] Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the fourth ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith. [149], On taking office, Hoover said that "given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation". While he clearly played important roles in the development of both the progressive and conservative traditions, neither side will embrace him for fear of contamination with the other. [224] The Democratic Party, including Al Smith and other national leaders, coalesced behind Roosevelt, while progressive Republicans like George Norris and Robert La Follette Jr. deserted Hoover. [216], At the 1932 World Disarmament Conference, Hoover urged further cutbacks in armaments and the outlawing of tanks and bombers, but his proposals were not adopted. [130] However, Hughes and Mellon declined to run, and other potential contenders like Frank Orren Lowden and Vice President Charles G. Dawes failed to garner widespread support. That he took these beliefs to heart became evident when he emerged from the carnage of the First World War as an American and . [114], As Commerce Secretary, Hoover hosted national conferences on street traffic collectively known as the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. [167] Canada, France, and other nations retaliated by raising tariffs, resulting in a contraction of international trade and a worsening of the economy. Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover's grandchildren were an important but little publicized part of the Hoover White House. [260] Hoover's public work helped to rehabilitate his reputation, as did his use of self-deprecating humor; he occasionally remarked that "I am the only person of distinction who's ever had a depression named after him. [291] A medicine ball game known as Hooverball is named for Hoover; it was invented by White House physician Admiral Joel T. Boone to help Hoover keep fit while serving as president. "[283], Historian Richard Pipes, on his actions leading the American Relief Administration, said of him "Many statesmen occupy a prominent place in history for having sent millions to their death; Herbert Hoover, maligned for his performance as President, and soon forgotten in Russia, has the rare distinction of having saved millions. [159], Though he attempted to put a positive spin on Black Tuesday, Hoover moved quickly to address the stock market collapse. He was the second of three children in a family of. The book reflects his move towards progressive ideals, as Hoover came to endorse eight-hour workdays and organized labor. [232], Hoover departed from Washington in March 1933, bitter at his election loss and continuing unpopularity. Afterwards, Hoover's wife, Lou Henry Hoover, who had been buried in Palo Alto, California, following her death in 1944, was re-interred beside him. A young Herbert Hoover was initially sent to live with one of his grandmothers. Instead, Hoover believed that Roosevelt posed the biggest threat to peace, holding that Roosevelt's policies provoked Japan and discouraged France and the United Kingdom from reaching an "accommodation" with Germany. [14] The Minthorn household was considered cultured and educational, and imparted a strong work ethic. A self-made man who became rich as a mining engineer, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. June 8, 2022 by Matthew Schaefer, posted in Herbert Hoover. I am a tour guide at Hoovers Rapidan Camp in Shenandoah National Park. [138] Historians agree that Hoover's national reputation and the booming economy, combined with deep splits in the Democratic Party over religion and Prohibition, guaranteed his landslide victory. [104] Hoover sought to foster a balance among labor, capital, and the government, and for this, he has been variously labeled a corporatist or an associationalist. He tended to oppose governmental coercion or intervention, as he thought they infringed on American ideals of individualism and self-reliance. The act also doubled the top estate tax rate, cut personal income tax exemptions, eliminated the corporate income tax exemption, and raised corporate tax rates. His father was a blacksmith and farm implement store owner, and both his parents were Quakers. "May" as her family called her, was the younger sister of Theodore ("Tad") and Herbert ("Bert"). [163] These actions were collectively designed to prevent a cycle of deflation and provide a fiscal stimulus. [9], After graduating from college, Hoover moved to Taipei where she got her first job as a research assistant and editor in a Taiwanese law firm; she arrived on the day of the September 11 attacks. Part 1 -- The Forgotten Crisis For many Americans, 1930 was a year of struggle as the national economy sank into what became the Great Depression. "Three-quarters of the bill will be sent to the average man and the poor," he said in a speech. [238] Though Hoover was eager to oppose Roosevelt at every turn, Senator Arthur Vandenberg and other Republicans urged the still-unpopular Hoover to remain out of the fray during the debate over Roosevelt's proposed Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937. Democrats positioned the program as a kinder alternative to Hoover's alleged apathy towards the unemployed, despite Hoover's belief that such programs were the responsibility of state and local governments. [126] Along with the rest of the nation, he was surprised when Coolidge announced in August 1927 that he would not seek another term. Hoover, Herbert, Jr. (3G 4A 5C 6B 7A), 1928-1972 (picture of Meredith) Hoover, Allan Henry (3G 4A 5C 6B 7B), 1964-1966 Leavitt, Mary (May)Hoover (3G 4A 5C 6B 7C), 1895-1975 2J Hoover, Susannah and Descendants, 1975-1977 and undated 2K Hoover, David and Descendants, 1964-1980 and undated 7 2L Hoover, Peter and Descendants He worked with bankers and the savings and loan industry to promote the new long-term home mortgage, which dramatically stimulated home construction. 1938. [221] The Republican expectations were so bleak that Hoover faced no serious opposition for re-nomination at the 1932 Republican National Convention. [86] Throughout the Paris Peace Conference, Hoover served as a close adviser to President Wilson, and he largely shared Wilson's goals of establishing the League of Nations, settling borders on the basis of self-determination, and refraining from inflicting a harsh punishment on the defeated Central Powers. [103] His experience mobilizing the war-time economy convinced him that the federal government could promote efficiency by eliminating waste, increasing production, encouraging the adoption of data-based practices, investing in infrastructure, and conserving natural resources. [90] The Russian famine of 192122 claimed six million people, but the intervention of the ARA likely saved millions of lives. [214] As a result of Hoover's efforts, the United States and other major naval powers signed the 1930 London Naval Treaty. [101] To overcome this opposition, Harding paired Hoover's nomination with that of conservative favorite Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury, and the nominations of both Hoover and Mellon were confirmed by the Senate. Genealogy for William Henry Hoover (1849 - 1932) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in Iowa to Jesse Hoover and Hulda Randall Minthorn. An historical field guide. [282] Biographer Kenneth Whyte writes that, "the question of where Hoover belongs in the American political tradition remains a loaded one to this day. [245] After the beginning of the occupation of Belgium in 1940, Hoover provided aid for Belgian civilians, though this aid was described as unnecessary by German broadcasts. Scholars contend the campaign meets modern legal standards of ethnic cleansing. [17] Hoover attended Friends Pacific Academy (now George Fox University), but dropped out at the age of thirteen to become an office assistant for his uncle's real estate office (Oregon Land Company)[18] in Salem, Oregon. The first principal was Mr. Elvin G. Warfel. This was the longest retirement in presidential history until Jimmy Carter broke that record in September 2012.[276]. These traditions reinforce the discipline needed to keep the crew's morale high and their mission focused. [210] As president, Hoover largely made good on his pledge made prior to assuming office not to interfere in Latin America's internal affairs. Remembering Herbert Hoover High School - Legacy.com [56], During his senior year at Stanford, Hoover became smitten with a classmate named Lou Henry, though his financial situation precluded marriage at that time. Hoover's attempts at regulating radio were not supported by all congressmen, and he received much opposition from the Senate and from radio station owners. [20][b] During his freshman year, he switched his major from mechanical engineering to geology after working for John Casper Branner, the chair of Stanford's geology department. Here at the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library-Museum, we often receive questions about other famous people named Hoover, and which Hoover did what. Herbert Clark Hoover married Louella Henry (29 Mar 1874 - 7 Jan 1944) on 10 Feb 1899 and is the father of 2 children and the grandfather of 6 grandchildren. [6] As a young child he was often referred to by his father as "my little stick in the mud" when he repeatedly got trapped in the mud crossing the unpaved street. University of . [262], In 1949, New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey offered Hoover the Senate seat vacated by Robert F. Wagner. [209], According to Leuchtenburg, Hoover was "the last American president to take office with no conspicuous need to pay attention to the rest of the world". [248] By the end of January, it had already sent more than two million dollars to the Finns. [15][16][17] She served on the advisory council of The American Foundation for Equal Rights and GOProud. He promoted international trade by opening overseas offices to advise businessmen. Fearing the imminent collapse of the Chinese government, the director of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company agreed to establish a new Sino-British venture with Bewick. Required fields are marked *. [289] The Polish capital of Warsaw has a square named after Hoover,[290] and the historic townsite of Gwalia, Western Australia contains the Hoover House Bed and Breakfast, where Hoover resided while managing and visiting the mine during the first decade of the twentieth century. 5 children. [263], Hoover backed conservative leader Robert A. Taft at the 1952 Republican National Convention, but the party's presidential nomination instead went to Dwight D. Eisenhower, who went on to win the 1952 election. Acting on behalf of President Coolidge, Hoover gave his first Armistice Day address in 1924 to the American Legion, two years before Congress officially named November 11th Armistice Day. [266] Hoover took the pension even though he did not need the money, possibly to avoid embarrassing Truman, whose precarious financial status played a role in the law's enactment. Herbert "Pete" Hoover III (born 1927). Herbert HOOVER Obituary (1919 - 2015) - Kettering, OH - Legacy.com [141], Hoover's detractors wondered why he did not do anything to reapportion congress after the 1920 United States Census which saw an increase in urban and immigrant populations. May 18, 2022 by Spencer Howard, posted in Herbert Hoover. The grandchildren of Hoover, Dewey and Eisenhower managed to survive The original show aired on PBS for 33 years, the longest-running public affairs show in television history with a single host. Photos & Videos | The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the starving millions in Central and Eastern Europe, especially Russia.
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