The petition that the king's son may not incline to sin may also imply that Belshazzar had in some way offended the religious classes, who, as is well known, supervised the preparation of the inscriptions. UFO Author Will Lead Exploration of Rendlesham Forest Encounters Site, Debunking the Aryan Race Myth and Separating Fact from Fiction, Mysterious Lake Monster Causes Underwater Eruption (Video), The Black Death and Beyond: Uncovering the Secrets of Plague's Deadly Legacy (Video), The Kings Champion: Medieval Coronation Roles, With a Twist, Digging the Deep Blue: Challenges and Triumphs in Underwater Archaeology, The Roman Empire: A Story of Power, Glory, and Tragedy, The Mongol Onslaught: When Ukraine Fell to the Horde (Video). v. and viii. How often do we abuse and neglect that which God has given to us? Tellingly (and characteristically), Daniel tells the king that he requires no riches and the king can give his reward to someone else, but he will divine the meaning of this writing for the king nevertheless. Just as Jesus told Paul in Acts 9, when Christs followers are persecuted, Jesus is also persecuted. King Charles IIIs Coronation: A 900-Year-Old Ceremony in the Modern Day, Homo Naledi: A Mysterious Extinct Human Species (Video). In chapter 5 the story of Daniel moves on a further 14 years. Battle of ArmageddonTribulationSigns of the End TimesThe Four Horsemen of the ApocalypseThe Seventh Seal OpenedWhat Is the Death Angel? 5:8 Then came in all the kings wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. He well knew that the period of Jewish exile in Babylonia, according to Jeremiah's prophecy, was not to exceed seventy years (Jer. Photo credit: Getty Images/g-stockstudio. Although the author of the Book of Daniel describes Belshazzar as the son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar as king of Babylon, Belshazzar was, in fact, neither. 1915. Isaiah prophesied about the fall of Babylon in Isaiah 47. The conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire, led by Cyrus the Great , marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire Alexander the Great's achievements make him one of the most exceptional figures in history. He owned also estates from which he made large gifts to the gods. attacked by Sennacherib, Babylon was destroyed by fire. The King was sent away for seven years and his kingdom was taken from him. His mistake cost him his life and his kingdom. In Matthew 22:37, Jesus says the greatest commandment is to Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is honoring God with your mind and your actions. Four years after assuming power, the king named his son Belshazzar coregent and went into exile in Tayma, a city some 160 miles north of Al Hait. Asimovs Guide to the Bible: The Old Testament by Isaac Asimov. Bible Q | How old was Belshazzar when he died? The name appears also in Baruch i. The problem is, Belshazzar and his court don't praise Yahweh/God . Belshazzar | king of Babylonia | Britannica This being the case we expect his father, Nabonidus, to have been 60+ when he took the throne (555 BC). The Higher Criticism and the Monuments; and W. W. Wright's two great works, Daniel and His Prophecies and Daniel and His Critics. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. He will be richly rewarded: 5:16 And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom. The prophet Daniel, interpreting the handwriting on the wall as God's judgment on the king, foretold the imminent destruction of the city. The grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar was the king who held a great pagan feast, using the goblets stolen from the Jewish Temple some decades before. The words appear to be Aramaean in origin, Aramaean being a Semitic language spoken in the Middle East around two thousand years ago. [Online]Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cyrus-the-GreatLendering, J., 2018. 10 Things You Need to Know about the Number 666, 10 Books of the Bible You Should Read Again and Again, 10 Most Encouraging Bible Verses That Will Uplift Your Heart and Soul, 5 Things That Hurt Relationships with Grandkids, 30 Morning Prayers to Start Each Day with God, How to Have Joy in Your Golden Years Despite These 10 Life Losses, 4 Things You Should Know about Big George Foreman, 8 Ways You Are Belittling Your Husband and What God Says about It, Maybe Money Can Buy Happiness, but Not Joy. That night the kingdom of the Chaldeans came to an end, and the king was slain ( Daniel 5:30 ). How can we avoid this mistake: Think about the parable of the talents. This would suggest that the crown prince, who was caretaker of the kingship at this time, was not considered an adequate subs ti tu te for the king in those ceremonies. Quotations below are from the King James Version. The idol of church persecutionRevelation 18:24 - Babylon of the Old Testament and New Testament persecuted the followers of God. Quite recently, however, the side of a ravine undermined by heavy rains fell at Hillah, a suburb of Babylon. In the third year of King Belshazzar Daniel's former vision of the four great beasts, representing the four great empires of the world, took place in the first year of Belshazzar; now, in the third year of that king's reign, he had another vision, which chiefly respected two of those empires. Have we placed too much hope in our nation, rather than in God? Babylon then became a great city under the rule of King Nebuchadnezzar. He ascended to the throne of the small Greek kingdom of Macedonia at the age of just 20 in 336 BC. The Incredible Odyssey of Mankind: Ape to Human in a Million Years (Video), The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, Babylonian Astrology: How Mesopotamian Priests Influenced Your Horoscope, The Ishtar Gate and the Deities of Babylon, Clay Tablet Reveals Ancient Babylonians Used Calculus to Track Jupiter 1,500 Years before Europeans, The Monumental Fall of Babylon: What Really Shattered the Empire? To determine how to prepare yourself for the end times, you can look at the Old Testament and the detriment of King Nebuchadnezzar and King Belshazzar. So he sends for his magicians in the hope that they can divine the meaning of the writing: 5:7 The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. Plague, one of the deadliest diseases in human history, has a haunting legacy of mass sickness and destruction. All rights reserved. Daniel told the King to turn away from his sins and do what is right. The Greek writers Herodotus and Xenophon report that Babylon fell after it was besieged. The Bible refers to him as his son (Daniel 5:2), but really the original language seems to hint they're family, or generationally Nebuchadnezzar was Belshazzar's father. Belshazzar, being greatly alarmed at the mysterious handwriting on the wall, and apprehending that some one in disguise might enter the palace with murderous intent, ordered his doorkeepers to behead every one who attempted to force an entrance that night, even though such person should claim to bethe king himself. Drunken people used the elements of God to participate in further wickedness and sin. They said, "Has not the king ordered us to put to death any one who attempts to enter the palace, though he claim to be the king himself?" Nonetheless, Belshazzar went on his way to his unexpected destruction. Copyright 2002-2023 Got Questions Ministries. vii. Beautiful Babylon: Jewel of the Ancient World. The author of Daniel simply did not have correct data at hand. Ren-Antoine Houasse's 1676 painting -Nebuchadnezzar giving royal orders to the construction of theHanging Gardens of Babylonto please his consort Amyitis. The city was becoming self-reliant, with one language seeking worldwide power by making a name for themselves. Several passages in the Prophets are interpreted as though referring to him and his predecessors. Now that story of Belshazzar the king and the astounding events of that night of his great feast have lessons which are as fresh today as they were when they were first given: Here is a picture of the foolishness of those who trust in merely the things of this world. This is no different from today. ( homocosmicos / Adobe Stock). Babylon probably would not have fallen that day. It can not be shown that the Belshazzar of Daniel was intended, as some scholars have supposed, for Evil-merodach, son of Nebuchadnezzar, and was used by the Biblical author as a secondary name. Hammurabi streamlined administration, commissioned huge building projects, improved agriculture, repaired and rebuilt infrastructure, enlarged and heightened the walls of the city, and built extravagant temples dedicated to the gods. xliv.). The city of Babylon is located in modern day Iraq and its history stretches back to the 3rd millennium BC, when it was a small port town on the Euphrates River. Ive heard that Belshazzar was accidentally killed by his own guards. Suiting the action to the word, Cyrus and Darius grasped a heavy ornament forming part of a candelabrum, and with it shattered the skull of their royal master (Cant. But Belshazzar wasnt Nebuchadnezzars (or Nebuchadrezzars) son. whom the king my father brought from Jewry?" How Can I Recognize and Understand the Holy Spirit Better? He remained there until around 543 B.C.E., per . The name "Belshazzar" was previously held to have been invented by the author of the Book of Daniel, which has long been recognized as a Maccabean production (see Daniel). And no city is impenetrable. And the author of Daniel probably only knew the names of two Babylonian rulers: Nebuchadnezzar (whose name should, more accurately, be rendered as Nebuchadrezzar, after the Babylonian Nab-kudur-usur) and Belshazzar. ", Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at JerusalemThey drank wine and praised the gods of gold and of silver, of bronze, of iron, of wood, and of stone.. Built over 800 years ago from massive basalt rocks, this lost city is nestled in the dense jungle and mangroves. ( Public Domain ). His focus was also military and conquest, but according to his own writings, his main goal was to improve the lives of those who lived under his rule. God saw the people of Babylon building this kingdom, represented by a tall tower. And there are some, as Isaac Asimov argues in his informative (but sadly out-of-print) Asimovs Guide to the Bible: The Old Testament by Isaac Asimov, who have argued that the Book of Daniel should really have been grouped with the Apocrypha, with the Book of Susanna or Bel and the Dragon, because it was written long after the other prophetic books (the Book of Jonah was written in around 300 BC). Man will fail if we place our trust in them. His name, meaning "Bel protect the king," is a prayer to a Babylonian god; as his story shows, Bel was powerless to save this evil ruler. I guess until next discussion this is my only explanation, so Goodbye Everyone. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Who Was Isaiah & Why Was He Important? Get our Question of the Week delivered right to your inbox! 5. The Rise And Fall Of Babylon | Bible.org Belshazzar's feast: summary. More insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free! Who Were the 12 Disciples of Jesus? AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Dear Wu, you did not answer the question which your title poses.I am left hanging,however if you wish me to answer the question, I would be most happy tooffer my best assesment. During his long reign, he oversaw the great expansion of his empire, conquering the city-states of Elam, Larsa, Eshnunna and Mari, an act which he regarded as part of a sacred mission to spread civilization to all nations. Daniel 5: Belshazzar's Feast and the Writing on the Wall Belshazzar never acknowledged or honored the one true God for all his prosperity. We must not be surprised at the incongruity between the historical inscriptions and the Book of Daniel in this instance, but should rather note the very evident points of agreement: first, that while the Belshazzar of Daniel is represented as being the last king, the original of the traditionwhose name is etymologically equivalent to "Belshazzar"was actually the son of the last king; and secondly, that the son of Nabonidus probably met his death at the time of the capture of Babylon, as has recently been established (compare Prince, ib. The Babylonian king throws a banquet for his nobles. The meaning of the writing on the wall at Belshazzars feast has been dealt with above. Nabonidus supposedly goes into exile in 550 BC, which leaves his eldest son in charge. Belshazzar Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY - JW.ORG The king had dreams that his own magicians and mediums could not interpret. By the time of Hammurabis death, Babylon was in control of the whole of Mesopotamia, although his successors were not able to maintain this control. That's all I wish to share on this fascinating Subject. This would account for Belshazzar's being called in Daniel 5:30 the Chaldean king, although, to be sure, this word Chaldean may describe his race rather than his kingdom. In Acts 2, Peter tells the new believers to turn from their sin, to repent. We'll dive into why this led to his downfall in a moment. 2. How often do we misuse the gifts of God to engage in sin? And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom. 11, 29, 35). But unfortunately, he let that go to his head. Belshazzar had his own house in Babylon, where he seems to have been engaged in the woolen or clothing trade. Neolithic Stone Balls: The Northern Rosetta Stone? In 729 b.c. The next four years Neriglisar occupied the throne. Pride never leads to anything good (Proverbs 16:18-20). From the Book of Daniel we might infer that this subkingdom embraced Chaldea and Susiana, and possibly the province of Babylon; and from the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle that it extended over Accad as well. They amassed an abundance; never honoring God or caring for the needs of others. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. 10). Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Check out her books at hopebolinger.comfor clean books in most genres, great for adults and kids. We'll explore the person of Belshazzar, what Babylon looks like before him, and his most deadly mistakes that made the greatest Empire in the world at the time fall. As soon as Belshazzar sees the literal writing on the wall, he consults with his trusty advisors. When he died, he left his son with immense stores of wealth and a strong Babylonian city. Indeed, Belshazzar wasnt king, either. 1. Daniel 5:2: "While Belshazzar was drinking his wine, he gave orders to bring in the gold and silver goblets that Nebuchadnezzar his fatherhad taken from the temple in Jerusalem, so that the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines might drink from them.". Some have compared Babylon in the New Testament to the rise of Rome and their control over the region. 2), "In the first year of his [Darius'] reign, I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem" (Meg. Belshazzar's feast, in the course of which the sacred vessels of the Temple in Jerusalem were put to sacrilegious use (Dan. King Belshazzar was the successor who also defiled God by using items taken from the temple in Jerusalem for personal use. Because God Wanted the Empire to Fall. That the city of Babylon alone was sometimes at least governed by an official called king is highly probable, since the father of Nergal-har-ucur is certainly, and the father of Nabunaid I is probably, called king of Babylon, in both of which cases, the city, or at most the province, of Babylon must have been meant, since we know to a certainty all of the kings who had been ruling over the empire of Babylon since 626 BC, when Nabopolassar became king, and the names of neither of these fathers of kings is found among them. His mistake cost him his life and his kingdom. It was home to one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Hanging Gardens King Nebuchadnezzar made for his wife. the king was not in Babylon. Even more exciting and controversial is the proposal that this king ordered the construction of the Tower of Babel, but not by that name. A Visual Tour (Video), Wootz Damascus Steel: The Mysterious Metal that Was Used in Deadly Blades, 10 Jaw-dropping Engineering Marvels of the Inca Empire, Gold, Salt, and Islam: The Story of Koumbi Saleh, The Ingenious Methods behind the Incas Intricate Stone Walls (Video), What Did Ancient Greece Really Look Like? v.), is traced by the Rabbis to his miscalculation in chronology. Fallen! Now we need to add a caveat here that Nebuchadnezzar did not do the right thing by destroying and pillaging all these cities. It is impossible also to reconcile this assertion with the facts by supposing that "son" here is to be translated "descendant" or "grandson" (so Pusey, "Daniel," p. 346), which is of course grammatically permissible. Hammurabi (reigned from 1792-1750 BC) was the sixth ruler of the First Dynasty of Babylon. As Nabonidus was relatively old at the time, his reign could be expected to be brief and transitional, meaning that Belshazzar could expect to inherit the throne within a few years. Nevertheless, he was unpopular with his subjects, especially the priests of Marduk, as he had suppressed the cult of Marduk in favor of the moon god Sin. (Belshazzar's embarrassing lack of sphincter control also was a fulfillment of an ancient prophecy! Article Images Copyright , What Christians Need to Know about the Fall of Babylon in End Times. Nabonidus, his father, was the son of a nobleman, Nabu-balasu-ib, and was probably a usurper against the older house of Nebuchadnezzar. Panorama of Babylon ruins, Hillah, Iraq. A great rock that no one touched smashes the Statue an a wind blows the statue's shattered remains away an that Rock in place of Statue Grew and grew till it filled Up the Whole Earth. (See NERGAL-SHAREZER.). Fallen is Babylon the Great! She has become a dwelling for demons and a haunt for every impure spirit Revelation 18:2. But Belshazzar doesn't care. Even though God allowed Babylon to invade Jerusalem, He would not let their evil deeds go unpunished. Nabonidus reigned for a total of 17 years and is remembered for his restoration of the regions ancient architectural and cultural traditions, hence earning him the nickname the archaeologist king among modern day historians. To whom much is given, much is expected. But who Belshazzar was, and what this famous writing that appeared on the wall actually meant, are questions that require further analysis. In the last verse we are told that Belshazzar was slain in that same night, and that his power passed to Darius the Mede. Revelation 18 depicts the sins of Babylon and evil in our world. This symbolizes Babylonia, which gave rise to three kings, Nebuchadnezzar, Evil-merodach, and Belshazzar, whose doom is prefigured by this act of "cutting to pieces" (Gen. R. It is stated that Cyrus and Darius were employed as doorkeepers of the royal palace. As Babylon is destroyed, those who have shared in her evil and morality will also grieve her destruction. The firstborn son of Nabonidus, and coregent of Nabonidus in the last years of the Babylonian Empire. Putting this together, we might expect Belshazzar to have been 40+ at the fall of Babylon when he was slain (539 BC). The Midrash enters into the details of Belshazzar's death. & Feet of Iron/Clay. Nebuchadnezzar I (1124-1103 BCE) was the most famous ruler of the Second Dynasty of Isin. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. And the Persians rose to the challenge. There is no doubt that this Belshazzar is the same as the Belshazzar of Dnl. Babylon | History, Religion, Time Period, & Facts | Britannica 263, 264). Belshazzar's sin was not just drunkenness and debauchery, but the super-abounding sin of impiety and blasphemy. But many of the people in the Bible serve as cautionary tales. The former was the son of the last king of Babylon, but never reigned, except possibly as coregent with his father; while the latter is distinctly called the last king and the son of Nebuchadnezzar, both of which statements are undoubtedly made in perfectly good faith by the author of Daniel. She believes she will not be touched by grief, but she will be judged by God. Before that, though, lets briefly summarise what the Book of Daniel tells us about the story. Cyrus the Great. All rights reserved. Assyriens," p. 463), that Belshazzar was governor of Ur; or it is possible that the king, who was noted for his strictness in religious matters, may have attached some special importance to the cult of the moon-god practised in Ur. The threat of Frieza always lingers in Dragon Ball, but the character returns to the series in a major way during the events of Resurrection 'F,' which also debuts his new Golden Frieza form. They were enslaved in a foreign land and persecuted. The statue was destroyed by a rock, which then turned into a mountain filling the whole earth. As Nabunaid II, though reigning at Hatran under the overlordship of his father, is called king of Babylon on the same inscription on which his father is called by the same title; so Belshazzar may have been called king of Babylon, although he was only crown prince. Mistake #3: Placing Too Much Faith in Humans. He was humbled and praised God for turning him away from his sins. Friends? The Book of Daniel is a curious text. The miraculous handwriting on the wall, the fall of Babylon, and the king's violent death on that fatal night soon followed. Belshazzar went white when he saw Gods literal handwriting on the wall against him. With the current events of this world, evidence of the fall of Babylon in relation to end times is a topic of much conversation for Christians seeking clarity. 5:31 And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old. In consequence of this, during the turmoil of the festivities, a hand was seen writing on the wall of the chamber a mysterious sentence which defied all attempts at interpretation until the Hebrew sage Daniel was called in. Thank you! Salem Media Group. As far as Belshazzar goes, we know he was a co-regent with Nabonidus. It also doesn't help that they end up praising their pagan gods in a drunken state during this event. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. We first meet King Belshazzar in the fifth chapter of Daniel. Why Does God Compare Our Relationship with Him to That of a Bride and Groom? It is the last year of Belshazzar's reign, though the king is now aware of that. Nebuchadnezzar and the Fall of Babylon | Western Civilization Belshazzar's feast, in the course of which the sacred vessels of the Temple in Jerusalem were put to sacrilegious use (Dan. Although Belshazzar was not wholly bad - he rewarded the prophet Daniel, for instance - he did not fear and respect God. Daniel had a reputation of being able to understand dreams and visions, so he was ordered to go before the king to interpret his dreams. Rounding back to your question Why did Babylon Fall? Although there is no parallel account in the inscriptions, it certainly seems significant that both Herodotus and Xenophon allude to a feast at this time. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. King Belshazzar's Timely Warning of the Sin of Pride ( Public Domain ). Does God Really Work All Things Together for Good? Frieza brings his renewed attack to Earth, and the combined and distracted efforts of Goku and Vegeta . Because his rule was arbitrary and licentious, he was assassinated by Neriglisar after he had reigned only two years. Daniel & Belshazzar - Archaeological Proof - DependingontheBible How Cyrus Conquered Babylon :: God's Kingdom Ministries It was during the 18th century BC that Babylon became a major power in the region under the rule of the Amorite king, Hammurabi. General Editor. Sure enough, Darius and his Persian army invade, and Belshazzar dies. Babylon, Babylonian Bab-ilu, Old Babylonian Bb-ilim, Hebrew Bavel or Babel, Arabic All Bbil, one of the most famous cities of antiquity. A number of huge, coarse earthenware vases were laid bare. King Belshazzar was the son of Nebuchadnezzar, and like his father was the King of Babylon. One was dated in the third year of the king Marduk-sar-uzur. It happens when we want to put our wants and needs first. Nebuchadnezzar II was the eldest son and successor of Nabopolassar, founder of the Chaldean empire. Medieval Hygiene Might Have Been Better Than You Think, The Macuahuitl: An Aztec Warriors Lethal and Sacred Weapon (Video), What Did Ancient Egypt Really Look Like? And the ones who didn't watched their cities burn. It is probable, as M. Pognon argues, that a son of Nabunaid, called Nabunaid after his father, was king of Babylon, or Babylonian king, in Harran (Haran), while his father was overlord in Babylon. shazzar) [from Akkadian, meaning "Protect His Life"; or, possibly, " [May] Bel Protect the King"]. The idol of obsessionRevelation 18:3 - Babylon had the worship of all the nations surrounding it. The Byzantine Empire fell once and for all in the year 1453 CE, when the Ottoman Empire broke through the walls of Constantinople with cannons and seized control of the capital city. This coalition succeeded in destroying the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Belshazzar Babylonian King - Amazing Bible Timeline His father joins his name with his own in some of his prayers to the gods, and apparently appointed him commander of the army of Accad, whose especial duty it was to defend the city of Babylon against the attacks of the armies of Media and Persia. Since the discovery and decipherment of the cuneiform inscriptions, however, "Belshazzar" is now generally admitted to be the Hebrew-Aramaic equivalent of the Babylonian form "Belsharuur" (Bel preserve the king), which has been found in the cuneiform documents as the name of the eldest son of Nabonidus (Nabuna'id), the last native king of Babylon (555-538 B.C.). But where does it originate? 5. Through writing and speaking opportunities, she is passionate about encouraging others in learning more about the Bible and maturing in their faith. They knew that every king had to prove themselves, and Belshazzar had not yet done so. Because of this mistake, Babylon fell to the Medo-Persians that very night. What is the meaning of Nebuchadnezzars dream in Daniel 2? There was heavy drinking and the whole crowd was worshipping the Babylonian gods. The story of Belshazzars feast occupies the entire fifth chapter of the Book of Daniel. The exiles were treated poorly after their city and temple had been destroyed. Nebuchadnezzar worshipped his greatness while blinded by the needs of those he enslaved.
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