\end{array} & 2314.71 & 36 & 64.30 & & & \\ Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai, a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867, Muslim ruler who led Songhai to the height of its power. But as of yet, the fastest way to Asia was through the Mediterranean, which was monopolized by the Byzantines followed by the Ottomans. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. Explain how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and - Prezi The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented a number of policies that had a lasting impact on Japan, including the sakoku policy, which isolated Japan from the rest of the world and restricted foreign trade and contact. Anything extra that they collected they were able to keep. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. During its reign, the Qing Empire experienced significant economic, social, and cultural development, and it played a significant role in world affairs. Describe cultural syncretism that occurred as a result of the Atlantic trading system. The Russian Empire lasted from 1721 until the 1917 Russian Revolution. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. The Qing Dynasty was China's final imperial dynasty. What methods were used by the Aztec Empire to collect taxes? A trained Ottoman soldier in gunpowder weapons taken as a child and raised Muslim, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP WORLD Chapter 35: Nationalism and Politica. How did religion legitimize powers in 1450-1700? 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Joint-stock companies allowed financed exploration which led to finding and conquering lands which expanded their power. What were some of the economic outcomes of European maritime exploration (positive and negative). \hline \begin{array}{l} Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. They were able to maintain their power as well as gain power by conquering lands. The Safavid Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. AP World - 3.3 Belief Systems of Land-Based Empires | Fiveable a) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly They also enforced Confusican gender roles. Through a 8 year conquest moving east ward and stopping at Russia. The Tokugawa period was also a time of cultural and artistic flourishing, with the emergence of several distinct artistic styles and the rise of a wealthy, urban merchant class. to collect taxes? Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. During the Safavid Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. How did the Ottoman Empire expand their empire? These should not be confused with democracies or representative governments. European empires arose in 1450-1750 by conquering trade ports and lands from around the world. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. ruled Mughal India, known for religious tolerance. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? Describe European maritime empires: Dutch. The Incas were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. Unit 3 Study Guide 1 .docx - Unit 3: Land-Based Empires C. 1450 - 1750 Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450-1750. by Lauren edone RELIGION TAX & TRIBUTE BEUREACRATIC ELITES BUREACTRATIC ELITES Janissaries Rulers employed bureaucratic elites to enforce laws and military pros to It was the world's largest country by land area, covering more than one-sixth of the planet's land surface, and the third most populous. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. But some reasons include: Long-term conflict with other land-based powers, which focus attention on land-based concerns. It came to an end in the early 20th century, following the First World War, when the empire was dissolved and its territory was divided into several new states. . Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. Arrived in the same wave of Turkish migrations as the Seljuks, Sunni Muslim, largest Muslim empire in history. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. By the name it may seem obvious, and it is to an extent. These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. Eventually leaders chose whether to be Protestant or Catholic which led to bitter resentments among them. The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. Triangular ships adopted by the Arabs, astrolabe which was created from the Muslims, the caravel created by the Portuguese, and the magnifying glass from the Chinese are all technological diffusions are all important developments and innovations. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. It was founded by the Manchu people and ruled from 1644 to 1912. A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. What were the economic factors that drove maritime exploration by Europeans? In West Africa, European merchants and missionaries reached inland to the Kongo and Benin. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Mughals, 1857. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. The Dutch Empire was a global empire that was centered in the Netherlands and that controlled a significant portion of the world from the 16th to the early 20th century. Relying on overland trade was too slow and you couldnt bring all that many goods with you on a camels back. The Qing Dynasty is known for its territorial expansion, including the conquest of Taiwan and parts of Central Asia. Thats complicated, and unique to each state. Your time is up. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. It was also known for having an advanced government system that included a well-organized bureaucracy and a highly centralized administration. This is a constant in world history. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. The Dutch Empire began to decline in the 19th century. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. Elite Ottoman soldiers from the Devshirme system. However, the Qing Dynasty was also marked by political and social unrest, including several major rebellions and the Taiping Rebellion, which was one of the deadliest conflicts in world history. Empires took people for slaves and traded their goods for wealth. The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? If a ruler were to have religious tolerance then he can have other rules and restrictions for citizens to follow since they don't need to believe a certain one. The only one of the singers who (knows, know) this part is absent. East, The Missouri Compromise was needed to What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? The Spanish Empire was distinguished by a powerful centralized government and a vast network of trade and colonization. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. After studying on your own, invite some friends to a, The Ming and Qing Dynasty in modern China, The Mughal Empire in modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, The Safavid Empire in modern Iran and Iraq, The Ottoman Empire (some parts of the Ottoman Empire were in Europe) in modern Turkey, Egypt, Syria and Jordan, Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica, for the dominant cultural group within the empire). How did the Qing Dynasty expand their empire? It was founded by Babur, a Chaghatai Turkic prince who traced his ancestry back to Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, on his father's side, and to Genghis Khan on his mother's side. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. This guide was updated to align with the new course! The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. 4. Describe technological diffusions that occurred in the 1450-1750 time period. Great wealth and splendor. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. What were the impacts of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the Americas? New technology More exploration Columbian Exchange, New foodstuffs increased the population everywhere, Except for the Americas where disease decimated everyone , Migration of people Spread of religion, new syncretic cultures, Integration of the west trade was actually global new Maritime (sea-based) powers, Mercantilism & capitalism became predominant economic policies, The new global economy had long-lasting effects, European middle class gained wealth Industrialization possible, Prosperity funding for arts and architecture, Slave trade intensified as demand for labor increased, Other coerced systems created (encomienda, mita), Social class based on race & ethnicity, first time ever, Transport paid in exchange for 7 years of unpaid labor, Development of European colonies overseas, Opening of new trade routes over the Atlantic and Pacific, Population growth, which increased demand for goods, Vodun - West African spiritualism brought to caribbean, Candomble - dance to honor the gods, Bantu + Brazil, Virgin of Guadalupe - Indigenous + Catholic, Queen Nzingas rebellion in modern-day Angola, Pueblo & Apache Revolt in present-day New Mexico, Gloucester County Slave Rebellion (Virginia), Glorious Revolution (Catholic vs. Protestant in England). Trade thrived and art led to success. The Tokugawa Shogunate ended in 1868, when the Meiji Restoration restored power to the emperor and ended the shogunate's rule. Include both positive and negative outcomes. West The Ottoman Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. 1. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. Bureaucracy/Military (ex. . \text { Variation } What methods of "legitimization" and "consolidation" of power were used by Malian and Ottoman rulers? Qing portraits of emperors and high officials meant to impress. They were open to Mongol, Tibet and Muslim Religions and did not force their Chinese culture. Mountain men Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. The Mughal emperors were known for their cultural accomplishments and support for the arts, and their rule had a profound and long-lasting impact on the development of the arts. It was founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as Emperor of the French and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly The Songhai Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major regional power. The Dutch Empire was characterized by a strong centralized government and a global network of trade and colonization. A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. How governments maintain legitimacy varies across empires, but the chart above illustrates two general ways that empires claimed the right to rule. \hline \begin{array}{l} The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. Why were large powerful militaries & elite cadres of soldiers essential in this 1450-1700? In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. Name:_____ Date:_____ Period:_____ Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 (use presentation and AMSCO p. 353-371) Ottoman Empire Location: North Africa, The Middle East, and Eastern Europe Dates: 1299-1919 Safavid Empire Location: Middle East Dates: 1501-1722 Mughal Empire Location: South Asia Dates: 1526-1857 Political / Military HOW did rulers legitimize and consolidate power? The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. Describe the Ottoman Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Ottoman Empire was located in modern-day Turkey. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. This gave wealth. Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders? The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. In order to resist the Portuguese. What were the long-term outcomes? Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Flashcards | Quizlet They had a large bureaucracy and had religious freedom but women had no rights. The era between 1450 and 1750 saw the appearance of several land-based empires who built their power on the use of gunpowder: the Ottomans and the Safavids in Southwest Asia , the Mughals in India , the Ming and Qing in China , and the new Russian Empire. Art (ex: Qing imperial portraits, Incan sun temple, Mughal mosques) This was significant because it also was one of the best ships for sea travel and trade in Europe. A one-way analysis of variance experiment produced the following ANOVA table. Jamaica had a growing slave population throughout this time period. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. The two split because they couldn't agree on who they wanted to rule after Muhammad, Ali or Abu Bakr. (subject), v.v.v. In the period 1450-1750, both European and Asian powers expanded their reach and created large empires across the world. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. The modern nation of Turkey was established on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire and is the successor state to the Ottoman Empire. The Dutch were high rollers in this time and played a main role in finance. The Mughal Empire was a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the early 16th to the mid-19th century. \text { Groups } The Protestant Reformation in Europe challenged what was seen as corrupt practices of the Catholic Church. How did the Mughal Empire expand their empire? The Indian Ocean consisted of people making a living working there, manufactured goods, and it was more industrialized. SUMMARYGroupsCountAverageColumn110349Column210348Column310366Column410365SourceofVariationSsdfMSFp-valueFcritBetweenGroups2997.113999.0415.541.2E062.866WithinGroups2314.713664.30Total5311.8239\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|} Elite Safavid soldiers made up of enslaved people from Armenian and Circassian populations, much like Devshirme. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Soviet Union, which was established on the territory of the former Russian Empire, became a major world power and played a significant role in global politics for much of the 20th century.
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